Mark Bishop

Analytical Chemistry and

Signal Acquisition/Analysis



Introduction
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Introduction


Aldehydes and Ketones

Preparation of Aldehydes

Oxidation of alcohols

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Oxidation of Methylbenzenes

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Reduction of acid chlorides

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See also phenols

Preparation of Ketones

Oxidation of alcohols

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Friedel-Crafts acylation

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Reaction of acid chlorides with organocadmium compounds

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See also acetoacetic ester systhesis

Reactions

The typical reaction of the carbonyl carbon is nucleophillic addition:

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Oxidation of aldehydes

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The silver reaction is the Tollens test for aldehydes (silver mirror plated).

Reduction

To alcohols

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To hydrocarbons

  Clemmensen reduction (for base sensitive compounds):

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  Wolff-Kishner reduction (for acid sensitive compounds):

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See also reductive amination

Addition of Grignard Reagent

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Addition of Cyanide(cyanohydrin formation)

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Addition of bisulfate

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Addition of derivatives of ammonia

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G Reactant name Product
OH Hydroxylamine Oxime
NH Hydrazine Hydrazone
NH-Ph Phenylhydrazine Phenylhydrazone
NHCONH Semicarbazide Semicarbazone

Addition of alcohols, acetal formation

Hemiacetal formation

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Oxonium ion formation

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Acetal formation

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Cannizzaro Reaction

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halogenation

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